Neonates ideally should receive the lowest dose (16 mg) of KI." Side effects Main article: Lugol's iodine WHO recommended dose for radiological emergencies involving radioactive iodine Ageħ0 kg ) should receive the full adult dose (130 mg) for maximal block of thyroid radioiodine uptake. Iodine-131 iobenguane used for therapeutic purposes requires a different pre-medication duration, beginning 24–48 hours prior to iobenguane injection and continuing 10–15 days following injection. Product labeling for diagnostic iodine-131 iobenguane recommends potassium iodide administration one day before injection and continuing 5 to 7 days following administration, in keeping with the much longer half-life of this isotope and its greater danger to the thyroid. Commercially available iobenguane is labeled with iodine-123, and product labeling recommends administration of potassium iodide 1 hour prior to administration of the radiopharmaceutical for all age groups, while the European Association of Nuclear Medicine recommends (for iobenguane labeled with either isotope), that potassium iodide administration begin one day prior to radiopharmaceutical administration, and continue until the day following the injection, with the exception of new-borns, who do not require potassium iodide doses following radiopharmaceutical injection. Not all sources are in agreement on the necessary duration of thyroid blockade, although agreement appears to have been reached about the necessity of blockade for both scintigraphic and therapeutic applications of iobenguane. However, some sources recommend alternative dosing regimens. Food and Drug Administration-approved dosing of potassium iodide for this purpose with iobenguane, is as follows (per 24 hours): infants less than 1 month old, 16 mg children 1 month to 3 years, 32 mg children 3 years to 18 years, 65 mg adults 130 mg. However, since they may be ultimately metabolized or break down to radioactive iodide, it is common to administer non-radioactive potassium iodide to ensure that iodide from these radiopharmaceuticals is not sequestered by the normal affinity of the thyroid for iodide. These compounds contain iodine, but not in the iodide form. Thyroid iodine uptake blockade with potassium iodide is used in nuclear medicine scintigraphy and therapy with some radioiodinated compounds that are not targeted to the thyroid, such as iobenguane ( MIBG), which is used to image or treat neural tissue tumors, or iodinated fibrinogen, which is used in fibrinogen scans to investigate clotting. Radioactivity is also seen in the bladder. However, note unwanted uptake of radioiodine from the pharmaceutical by the thyroid gland in the neck, in both images (front and back) of the same patient. Image is by MIBG scintigraphy with radiation from radioiodine in the MIBG. Pheochromocytoma seen like a dark sphere in center of the body. Dextrose or sodium thiosulfate are often added to iodized table salt to stabilize potassium iodide thus reducing loss of the volatile chemical. Potassium iod ate ( K I O 3) is used to iodize some salts so that the iodine is not lost by oxidation. The alkali metal iodide salt, over time and exposure to excess oxygen and carbon dioxide, slowly oxidizes to metal carbonate and elemental iodine, which then evaporates. The oxidation of iodide causes slow loss of iodine content from iodised salts that are exposed to excess air. In humans it is the most common additive used for "iodizing" table salt (a public health measure to prevent iodine deficiency in populations that get little seafood). Potassium-iodide is a nutritional-supplement in animal feeds and also in the human diet. Potassium iodide is also used for the iodization of salt. Potassium iodide is available as a generic medication and over the counter. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Potassium iodide has been used medically since at least 1820. Commercially it is made by mixing potassium hydroxide with iodine. Potassium iodide has the chemical formula K I. While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, its use is still recommended in radiation emergencies. Other side effects include allergic reactions, headache, goitre, and depression. Ĭommon side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, and swelling of the salivary glands. It is a supplement used by people with low dietary intake of iodine. In the third world it is also used for treating skin sporotrichosis and phycomycosis. It is a medication used for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, and for protecting the thyroid gland when certain types of radiopharmaceuticals are used. Potassium iodide is a chemical compound, medication, and dietary supplement.
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